"In my time my poor father was as diligent to, teach me to shoot, as to learn me any other thing; and so I think other men did their children, he taught me how to draw, how to lay my body in my bow, and not to draw with strength of arms, as other nations do, but with strength of the body: I had my bows bought me, according to my age and strength; as I increased in them, so my bows were made bigger and bigger, for men shall never shoot well, except they be brought up in it: it is a goodly art, a wholesome kind of exercise, and much commended in physic."
Hugh Latimer, sixth sermon, 1549
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Al-Asrafi Al-Baklamisi Al-Yunani Taybogha, XIV secolo, Mss. Paris 2833,
Albanese, J. 2003. A metric method of sex determination using the hip bone and the femur. In: Iscan M. Y., Steyn M., The Human Skeleton In Forensic Medicine, 3rd Ed.,2003 Charles C. Thomas.
All Japanese Kyudo Leagues ed. (1990). Kyudo textbook, vol.1, Syahou. (The revision and enlargement version). Tokyo: All Japanese Kyudo Leagues .
Al-Oumaoui I, Jimenez-Brobeil S, Souich P (2004) Markers of activity patterns in some populations of the Iberian Peninsula. Int J Osteoarchaeol 14:343-359.
Alves Cardoso F, Henderson CY (2010) Enthesopathy formation in the humerus: Data from known age-at-death and known occupation skeletal collections. Am J Phys Anthropol 141:550-560.
Amodio F., Gallozzi C. Aspetti fisiologici del tiro con l’arco. Roma: FITARCO Editore; 1992.
Angel JL (1966) Early skeletons from Tranquillity, California. Smithsonian Contrib Anthropol 2 (1).
Anon Ca. 1515 The Art of Archery, Edited by Henri Gallice, Translation by H. Walrond, 1901.
Ascham, Roger 1545 Toxophilus, The fchole of fhootinghe conteyned in tvvo bookes
Axford R (1995) Archery Anatomy: An introduction to techniques for improved performance. London.
Ayton, A. (1992). Military service and the development of the Robin Hood legend in the fourteenth century. Nottingham medieval studies, 36, 126.
Benjamin M, Kumai T, Milz S, Boszczyk BM, Boszczyk AA, Ralphs JR (2002) The skeletal attachment of tendons - tendon “entheses”. Comp Biochem and Phys, Part A: Molec and Integr Phys 133:931-945.
Benzi M, Bonsignore D, Tamorri S. 2001:La gestione dell’ansia dell’arciere. Arcieri; 5: 36-7.
Berthon W, Rittemard C, Tihanyi B, Pálfi Gy, Coqueugniot H, Dutour O (2015) Three-dimensional microarchitecture of entheseal changes: preliminary study of human radial tuberosity. Acta Biol Szeged 59:79-90.
Bonsignore D, Basili F., (1999): Il sovraccarico lombare nel tiro con l’arco. Arcieri; 3: 45-6.
Bonsignore D, Basili F.,(1998):Attenti alle spalle, e non solo … Arcieri; 5: 46-7.
Bonsignore D, Iacovoni N.(1997):Anatomia ed elementi di preparazione atletica. Arcieri; 4: 26-7.
Boudot-Lamotte,A.(1968):Contribution a l'Étude de l'Archerie Musulmane, principalement d’après le manuscrit d’Oxford Bodléienne Huntington no 264, Damasco, di furūsiyya di Mardi Damas, Institut Français de Damas.
Bridges PS (1990): Osteological correlates of weapon use. In Buikstra JE ed., A Life in Science: Papers in Honour of J. Lawrence Angel. Center for Am Archeol Sci Paper 6:87-98.
Brizzi, V. (2005): Approccio alla Balistica interna del sistema Arco-Freccia. Arcosophia, 1, 8-15.
Brizzi, V. (2005): Meccanica dell’arco e balistica della freccia nel cacciatore primitivo, atti del convegno di Fiavé. Ufficio Beni Archeologici, Trento.
Brizzi, V. and Ferraro, E. (1991): Manuale di Tiro con l’Arco. Milano: FIARC
Brizzi, V., & Zani, A. (2003): Il libro del cacciatore con l’arco. Bologna: Greentime. ISBN, 999(99), 91242.
Calvin, W. H.(1991), The Ascent of Mind, Backprint.com, Lincoln NE
Capasso L, Kennedy KAR, Wilczak CA (1999) Atlas of occupational markers on human remains. Teramo.
Casorati G. C.(2002):Storia della moderna arcieria italiana e mondiale. Bologna: Greentime Editore;.
Ciocci A, Dal Monte A, Perpignano G.(1999):Reumatologia e sport. Roma. Società Editrice Universo;.
Clarys, J. P., Carbi, J., Bollens, E., Sleeckx, R.,Taeymans, J., Vermeiren, M., Reeth, V. G. and Voss, G. (1990):. Muscular activity of different shooting distances, different release techniques, and different performance levels, with and without stabilizers, in target archery. J. Sports Sciences, 8: 235-257.
Clement DB, Taunton JE, Smart GW (1984): Achilles tendinitis and peritendinitis: etiology and treatment. Am J Sports Med 12:179-184.
Cooper C (1995):Occupational activity and the risk of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol (Suppl. 43) 22:10-12.
Dal Monte (1983):A. La valutazione funzionale dell’atleta. Firenze: G. C. Sansoni Editore;.
Dutour O (1986): Enthesopathies (Lesions of Muscular Insertions) as indicators of the activities of neolithic Saharan populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 71:221-224.
Dutour O (1992): Activités physiques et squelette humain: le difficile passage de l actuel au fossile. Bult et Mém de la Soc d Anthrop de Paris 3-4:233-241.
Ertan, H., Kentel, B., Tümer, S. T., Korkusuz, F. (2003):. Activation Patterns in Forearm Muscles during Archery Shooting. Human Movement Science, V. 22, Issue 1, pp. 37-45.
Ertan, H., Soylu, A.R., Korkusuz, F. (2005):. Quantification the Relationship between FITA Scores and EMG Skill Indexes in Archery. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. V. 15 pp. 222–227.
Eshed V, Gopher A, Galili E, Hershkovitz I (2004): Musculoskeletal stress markers in Natufian hunter-gatherers and neolithic farmers in the Levant: the upper limb. Am J Phys Anthropol 123:303-315.
Faris A. N., Elmer R. P., (1945): Arab archery. An Arabic manuscript of about A.D. 1500, A book on the excellence of the bow and arrow” and the description thereof, (Kitab fi bayan fadl al-qaws w-alsahm), Princeton
Fédération Internationale De tir a L’arc (FITA) (2000):. Constitutions and Rules. Avenue de COUR 135, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Fitz-Rauf, J. (2010): War Archery and Social Status, R.C.A., R.C.Y.
Gunyat al-tullab fi ma’rifat al ramy bi al-nussab Br.Mus.1464.
Hansard, G. A. (1840): The Book of Archery.
Hanson, V.D., (2001): L’Arte Occidentale della Guerra, Biblioteca Storica de Il Giornale n.6
Hargrove, E. (1792): Anecdotes of Archery From the earlieft ages to the year 1791
Härke H (1997): The nature of burial data. In Jensen CK, Nielsen KH ed., Burial & Society: The chronological and social analysis of archaeological burial data. Aarhus, 19-27.
Havelkova P, Villotte S, Veleminsky P, Polacek L, Dobisikova M (2011): Enthesopathies and activity patterns in the early medieval Great Moravian population: evidence of division of labour. Int J Osteoarchaeol 21:487-504.
Hawkey DE, Merbs CF (1995): Activity-induced musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) and subsistence strategy changes among ancient Hudson Bay Eskimos. Int J Osteoarchaeol 5:324-338.
Hawkey DE, Street S (1992): Activity-induced stress markers in prehistoric human remains from the eastern Aleutian Islands. Am J Phys Anthropol 14:89.
Herrigel E. (1981):Lo Zen ed il tiro con l’arco. V edizione. Milano. Adelphi Edizioni;.
Hess GP, Capiello WL, Poole RM, Hunter SC (1989): Prevention and treatment of overuse tendon injuries. Sports Med 8:371-385.
Hosoya, S., Kobayashi, K., and Miyaji, C. (1994): A mechanical model of restitution of Japanese bows. Proceedings of Japanese Society of Biomechanics XIIth Congress, 72.
Hosoya, S., Okada, M., Miyaji, C. and Ohyama, B. K. (1997a):. Analysis of left forearm muscle activities in release of Japanese bow. Proceedings of Japanese Society of Biomechanics XIIIth Congress.: 423-428 .
Hosoya, S., Okada, M., Miyaji, C. and Ohyama, B. K. (1997b). Relationship between left forearm muscle activities and additional torque about grip of Japanese bow in release. Proceedings of the International Society of Biomechanics XVIth Congress. Book of Abstracts: 31.
Ibn ‘Ali Al-Tarsusi, 1200 c.a., Tabsirat arbab al-albab... (“Spiegazione per lo spirito sul modo di disporsi durante il combattimento.....”),
Inagaki, G. (1972): The interrelation between Tenouchi (the way of gripping), Tsunomi-no-hataraki (the final effort of the grip-hand) and the grip part of the bow in full draw. Bulletin of The Faculty of Physical Education in Tokyo University of Education, 11: 81-95 .
Inagaki, G. (1973). The movement analysis of the right arm wrist after release and its space model as an instrument for instruction.Bulletin of The Faculty of Physical Education in Tokyo University of Education, 12: 93-100 .
Inagaki, G. (1981): A guide to Kyudo. Tokyo: Tokyo Shoten .
Józsa L, Farkas GyL, Paja L (2004): The frequency of enthesopathies in the 14–15th century series of Bátmonostor–Pusztafalu. Acta Biol Szeged 48:43-45
Kamei, S., Matsui, H. and Miyashita, M. (1971): An electromyographic analysis of Japanese archery. Japanese Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, 15: 39-46 .
Karasawa, K. (1976): Kyudo-dokuhon. Tokyo : Yomiuri Shinbunsya .
Konishi, A., & Fujiwara, M. (1972): Muscle Activity Patterns in the Hikiwake Movement of Kyudo. Studies, 1973, 1981.
Konrad, P. (2005): The abc of emg. A practical introduction to kinesiological electromyography, 1, 30-35.
Kooi, B. W. (1991):. Archery and mathematical modelling. Journal of the Society of Archer-Antiquaries, 34, 21-29
Kosa, F., Shibuya, S., Irie, K. and Kita, K. (1975): A study about the matching of bow and arrow depend on ballistic pendulum system-With the purpose of teaching mechanics for sports-. Bulletin of Institute of Sport Science the Faculty of Physical Education in Tokyo University of Education, 14: 87-99 .
Lake, F. H., (1974):A Bibliography of Archery: an indexed catalogue of 5,000 articles, books, films, manuscripts, periodicals and theses on the use of the bow for hunting, war, and recreation, from the earliest times to the present day. Simon Archery Foundation.
Latham J.D. –Paterson W.F., (1970): Saracen Archery. An English version and exposition of a Mameluke work on archery (ca. A.D. 1368), Londra,
Leroyer, P., Hoecke, V., Helal, N. (1993): Biomechanical Study of the Final Push-Pull in Archery. Journal of Sport Sciences. 11, 63- 69.
Lewis, M., Shapland, F., & Watts, R. (2016): On the threshold of adulthood: a new approach for the use of maturation indicators to assess puberty in adolescents from medieval England. American Journal of Human Biology, 28(1), 48-56..
Loi C. (2012): Le corde di lino per archi fra etnografia e sperimentazione archeologica, Tiro con l’Arco Tradizionale, N.1, Target Editore, pp.82-85
Lombard, M., & Phillipson, L. (2010): Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Antiquity, 84(325), 635-648.
Lucaroni, M., (2014). Costruttivismo e Sport:Quando l’apprendimento individuale non risponde a standard predefiniti e la “teoria ingenua” non funziona., Tesi Triennale A.A. 2013-2014, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, C.d.L in Scienze Motorie e Sportive, Rel. Piccotti, A.
Mann, D. (1994): Injuries in Archery. Clinical Practice of Sports Injury Prevention Care. P. A. F. H. Renstrom, International Federation Sports Medicine.
Mann, D. L., & Littke, N. (1989): Shoulder injuries in archery. Canadian journal of sport sciences= Journal canadien des sciences du sport,14(2), 85-92.
Markham, Gervase (1634): The Art of Archerie
Mori, T. (1998):. Edited,. Irie, K. and Mori, T. The theory and actual in instruction of Kyudo. Tokyo: Humaido Publishers. Inc., pp. 143-195 .
Morillo, S. (1996): The Battle of Hastings: sources and interpretations (Vol. 1). Boydell & Brewer.
Moseley, W. M. (1792): An Essay on Archery, Describing the Practice of that Art in all Ages and Nations
Mustafa Kani, (1847):, Telhis resail errumat (“Compendio dei trattati d’arcieria”), Istanbul.
Nakamura, R., Saito, H. (1996): Fundamental Kinesiology (4th ed.). Tokyo: Ishiyaku Publishers, Inc. .
Nayrole M., Simon F. (1990):Le tir a l’arc. Parigi: Editions Denoel.
Nishizono, A.; Shibayama, H.; Izuta, T.; Saito, K. (1987): Analysis of Archery Shooting Techniques by Means of Electromyography. International Society of Biomechanics in Sports. Proceedings. Symposium V, Athens, Greece
Ortega Y Gasset J., (1986): Meditazioni sulla felicità, SugarCo ed.
Papps, A. M., Zawacki, R. M., McCratty, C. F. (1985): Rehabilitation of the Pitching Shoulder. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 13 (4): 223 - 235.
Roberts, T. (1801): The English Bowman or: Tracts on Archery, to which is added the second part of The Bowmans GloryWaring
Rosendahl, Gaëlle, Karl-Wilhelm Beinhauer, Manfred Löscher, Kurt Kreipl, Rudolf Walter, And Wilfried Rosendahl. (2006): Le plus vieil arc du monde? Une pièce intéressante en provenance de Mannheim, Allemagne." L’Anthropologie 110, no. 3: 371-382.
Rust, A. (1943): Die Alt-und Mittels einzeitlichen Funde von Stellmoor." Neumünster..
Sadler, J. (2006):. Flodden 1513: Scotland's Greatest Defeat (Vol. 168). Osprey Publishing
Sorrenti D, Bonsignore D, Basili F.(2000): Cervicalgia e tiro con l’arco. Arcieri; 1: 47.
Stirland, A. J. (1993): Asymmetry and activity-related change in selected bones of the human male skeleton. Doctoral dissertation, University of London.
Stirland, A. J. (1993): Asymmetry and activity‐related change in the male humerus." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 3.2 (): 105-113.
Stirland, A. J. (1997): Care in the medieval community. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology,7(6), 587-590
Stirland, A. J. (2013): The Men of the Mary Rose: Raising the Dead. The History Press.
Stirland, A. J., & Waldron, T. (1997): Evidence for Activity Related Markers in the Vertebrae of the Crew of theMary Rose. Journal of Archaeological Science,24(4), 329-335.
Stuart, J. (1990): Postural Consistency in Skilled Archers. Biomechanics Laboratory, Dept. Of Human Sciences, Loughborough Un. of Technology.
Taylor, M.C. (1947): Bowstring, in Hickman C., Klopsteg.E.C. , Nagler F., Archery, The Technical Side, first edition, NFAA, pp.251-258
Thomas, (1824): A Treatise on Archery or, The Art of Shooting with the Long Bow
Thompson, K. J. (2006): Chaucer's Warrior Bowman: The Roles and Equipment of the Knight's Yeoman. The Chaucer Review, 40(4), 386-415.
Wa-awsafihima. (XIV sec.): Munyatu’l-ghuzat; A 14th Century Mamluk-Kiptchak Military Treatise, tradotto da Kurtulus Öztopçu. (Sources of Oriental Languages and Literatures 13, 1989)
Williams, A. R. (2003): The knight and the blast furnace: a history of the metallurgy of armour in the Middle Ages & the early modern period (Vol. 12). Brill.
Zarbo V.(1994): Storia del Far-West. Roma: Tascabili Economici Newton,.
Sitografia
http://www.compagniabianca.it/contributi/contributi2.html
http://www.fitarco-italia.org/
http://www.humanergology.com/old/jhe2004p/p45~53-Hosoya.pdf
http://www.kslinternationalarchery.com/
http://www.medicinaescienza.coni.it/index.php/pubblicazioni/26-il-tiro-con-l-arco
http://www.sagittando.it/forum/index.php
http://www.theenglishwarbowsociety.com/
http://www.tiroconlarco.it/tecnica.html
http://www.uisp.it/giochitradizionali2/index.php?idArea=142&contentId=453
http://www.webalice.it/luciano.ravazzani.0/Bio/biomeccanica.htm
